These panel providers usually work with both broad and niche recruitment to reach and attract all important groups of the population, thereby minimizing risks for coverage errors over time.

Odyssey applies stratified sampling methods in combination with recurring data collection waves. Instead of one-time fieldwork periods, data is gathered continuously or in shorter recurring cycles to ensure that responses are collected across different times and contexts. This approach reduces the risk of systematic sampling and non-response errors while still giving respondents the necessary flexibility to participate.

In addition, we aim to minimize respondent burden and maximize engagement by designing efficient and engaging surveys (with a low number of rating scales and a higher proportion of select-and-rank questions), which helps to reduce dropouts across repeated measurements. Lastly, to maximize quality, all data is weighted on key variables to generate samples that replicate the target population as closely as possible. The weighting strategy emphasizes keeping weights low and stable across collection periods, balancing representativeness with the available project budget.